What's a Living Sacrifice Subject To? (w/brief primers on two kingdoms and theonomy)

Rom 12 answers the question "What's a Living Sacrifice to Do?" with "Serve others, especially in the Church." Then Rom 13 answers the question "What's a Living Sacrifice Subject To?" with "Be Subject to others, even in the World."
I. Subject to Authorities (13:1-7)
----A. Authority is from God (v1)
------------Primer of Two Kingdoms
----B. Obeying Authority is to Obey God (v2)
----C. Authority Encourages Good, Discourages Evil (vv3-4)
----D. So Subject to Authority and Render what Due (Taxes) (vv5-7)
II. Subject to Neighbors (13:8-10)
----A. Render what Due to Neighbor (Love)
------------Primer of New Covenant and Law of God
----B. Law of Love
III. Subject to Christ (13:11-14)
----A. Christ Subjected to Law
----B. We Subject to Christ

In Rom 13:1-7 the authority of the civil magistrate is stated. How does God give this authority? We look to the Noahic covenant with all men and all creation and the resulting common kingdom to see. The distinction between the common kingdom where God rules as Creator and the redemptive kingdom where God rules as Redeemer is foundational to understand church/state issues.

In Rom 13:8-10 the moral law of God (summarized by the 10 commandments) is rightfully called the law of love and is the guideline for us in our loving God and loving others. Understanding that the civil laws of Israel expired with Israel and were never meant to be used as the model for other nations is also foundational to understand.

Rom 13:11-14 is then a call to be subject to Christ in going forth as salt and light with the Gospel, as citizens of the redemptive kingdom yet sojourning citizens of the common kingdom, for the sake of Christ and His Gospel.